變速箱很大程度上決定了傳動效率以及行駛質感，即便是發(fā)動機動力參數再強，沒有好的變速箱加以匹配，那也是無濟于事。因此咱們在汽車保養(yǎng)過程中，千萬不能忽略變速箱的保養(yǎng)。那么在變速箱出現故障前，又有什么“前兆”呢？

　　The gearbox largely determines the transmission efficiency and driving quality. Even if the engine power parameters are strong, without a good gearbox to match them, it is useless. Therefore, in the process of car maintenance, we must not ignore the maintenance of the gearbox. So what are the "premonitory signs" before the gearbox malfunctions

　　01變速箱換擋頓挫

　　01 Transmission gear shifting jerks

　　現象：換擋頓挫的直觀感受為汽車振動，頓挫感明顯。

　　Phenomenon: The intuitive feeling of shifting jerky is car vibration, with a noticeable jerky sensation.

　　在行駛過程中，變速箱在升擋時產生的沖擊、振動、頓挫感都比較強烈或者在急加速的時候有卡頓、聳車的感覺。換擋頓挫、無法升檔或者部分前進擋無法使用，這些癥狀基本說明自動變速箱的「電磁閥」出現問題，不過更有可能的是變速箱油變質而需要更換。

　　During the driving process, the impact, vibration, and jerkiness generated by the gearbox when upshifting are quite strong, or there is a feeling of stuttering and shaking when accelerating rapidly. Shifting jerks, inability to upshift, or partial inability to use forward gears generally indicate a problem with the "solenoid valve" of the automatic transmission, but it is more likely that the transmission oil has deteriorated and needs to be replaced.

　　故障原因：自動變速器的換擋方式是依靠電磁閥配合變速箱油實現，變速箱油就像是“傳動油”，通過電磁閥施加壓力控制齒輪組的切換。如果變速箱油臟污或有過大的雜質，在閥體形成堵塞，導致電磁閥運動不暢，無法順序實現對油壓的調節(jié)，就會導致變速箱頓挫。

　　Reason for malfunction: The shifting mode of automatic transmission relies on the cooperation of solenoid valve and transmission oil. Transmission oil is like "transmission oil", which applies pressure through solenoid valve to control the switching of gear set. If the transmission oil is dirty or contains excessive impurities, it can cause blockage in the valve body, resulting in poor movement of the solenoid valve and inability to sequentially adjust the oil pressure, which can lead to transmission jerking.

　　02變速箱出現異響

　　02 Abnormal noise from gearbox

　　現象：車子在怠速時或行駛以及高負荷行駛過程中，聽到變速器有異響，甚至很大的噪音，在擋位切換時有無節(jié)奏、沉悶的響聲。

　　Phenomenon: When the car is idling or driving under high load, you may hear abnormal or even loud noises from the transmission, and there may be rhythmic and dull noises when shifting gears.

　　故障原因：長期高溫狀態(tài)下，變速箱油抗磨性能與潤滑性能下降，變速箱內軸承、齒輪等部件出現磨損或嚴重磨損，或齒輪側面有損壞。

　　Reason for malfunction: Under long-term high temperature conditions, the anti-wear and lubrication performance of the transmission oil decreases, and components such as bearings and gears in the transmission are worn or severely worn, or the gear side is damaged.

　　03變速箱漏油

　　03 Transmission oil leakage

　　現象：低擋位起步尤其費力，行駛過程中踩油門即使轉速提升，車子卻不怎么動，就跟沒掛上擋一樣。

　　Phenomenon: Starting in low gear is particularly laborious, and even if the engine revs up while driving, the car doesn't move much, as if it's not in gear.

　　故障原因：開車途中刮到底盤或變速箱內部密封件老化，密封不良引起的漏油。

　　Reason for malfunction: Oil leakage caused by poor sealing due to aging of the internal seals of the chassis or transmission scraped during driving.

　　變速箱油和機油作用一樣，主要起潤滑、清潔、降溫、防銹、密封的作用，因此變速箱油缺少就會造成變速箱內部潤滑不夠，造成干磨，長時間干磨就會報廢。

　　The function of gearbox oil is the same as that of engine oil, mainly for lubrication, cleaning, cooling, rust prevention, and sealing. Therefore, a lack of gearbox oil can cause insufficient lubrication inside the gearbox, resulting in dry wear. Long term dry wear will lead to scrapping.

　　04掛擋發(fā)動機熄火

　　04 Engine stalls when shifting gears

　　現象：啟動汽車后，由P或N擋換入其他擋位時，發(fā)動機熄火。或是在行駛過程中踩剎車，發(fā)動機熄火（車輛無自動啟停功能）。

　　Phenomenon: After starting the car, when shifting from P or N gear to another gear, the engine stalls. Or stepping on the brake while driving and turning off the engine (the vehicle does not have automatic start stop function).

　　故障原因：可能是鎖止電磁閥損壞，或鎖止控制閥發(fā)卡損壞。

　　Reason for malfunction: It may be a damaged lock up solenoid valve or a damaged lock up control valve.

　　若數次掛擋造成發(fā)動機熄火，要查看入擋沖擊是不是很大，如果較大，需打救援電話。否則多次嘗試，可能會造成變速箱大修。

　　If the engine stalls due to multiple gear shifts, check if the impact of shifting is significant. If it is significant, call for assistance. Otherwise, multiple attempts may result in a major overhaul of the gearbox.

　　05變速箱溫度過高故障現象：在行駛過程中電腦報警顯示變速箱溫度過高，或行駛一段時間后觸摸時感覺變速箱過熱甚至燙手。故障原因：變速箱高負荷運轉時無法有效控制溫度，或者變速箱打滑也會使溫度過高。

　　Fault phenomenon of high transmission temperature in 05: During driving, the computer alarm displays that the transmission temperature is too high, or after driving for a period of time, the transmission feels overheated or even hot to the touch. Reason for malfunction: The temperature cannot be effectively controlled during high load operation of the gearbox, or the gearbox slipping can also cause the temperature to become too high.

　　06換擋時間過長或過短故障現象：一般自動變速箱都是有特定的換擋轉速和車速，在行駛的過程中，發(fā)現擋位升得快了，直接體現在車速上。

　　Fault phenomenon of excessive or insufficient shifting time in 06: Generally, automatic transmissions have specific shifting speeds and vehicle speeds. During driving, if the gears are raised too quickly, it is directly reflected in the vehicle speed.

　　故障原因：有可能是閥體太臟導致的，變速箱閥體臟臟會破壞變速箱油的質量和摩擦特性

　　Fault cause: It may be caused by the valve body being too dirty, as dirty transmission valve bodies can damage the quality and friction characteristics of the transmission oil

　　07入檔汽車不動故障現象：在汽車啟動后將擋位掛D或者R擋后，松開剎車后車輛沒有任何反應，不向前行使。手動掛1擋，松開離合后，汽車不行駛。

　　Fault phenomenon of the car not moving when in gear: After starting the car and shifting the gear to D or R, the vehicle does not respond and does not move forward after releasing the brake. Manually shift into first gear, release the clutch, and the car will not move.

　　故障原因：可能是變速箱輸入軸或者倒擋離合器出現損壞，或者D/R制動器損壞造成。也可能是變速箱漏油，嚴重缺少變速箱油導致，或者是汽車換擋桿和手動閥搖臂之間的連桿或拉索松脫，導致手動閥保持在空擋或停車擋位置。

　　Fault cause: It may be caused by damage to the transmission input shaft or reverse clutch, or damage to the D/R brake. It could also be due to transmission oil leakage, severe lack of transmission oil, or loose connecting rods or cables between the car shift lever and manual valve rocker arm, causing the manual valve to remain in neutral or parking position.

　　以上，主要跟大家分享了變速箱出現故障時的現象和原因，建議大家在日常行車、保養(yǎng)過程中注意變速箱的養(yǎng)護，一旦發(fā)現這類小故障及時維修，如果車輛繼續(xù)行駛，可能會造成變速箱嚴重損壞，甚至報廢。

　　Above, we have mainly shared with you the phenomena and causes of gearbox failures. We suggest that you pay attention to the maintenance of the gearbox during daily driving and maintenance. Once such minor faults are discovered, they should be repaired in a timely manner. If the vehicle continues to drive, it may cause serious damage to the gearbox, or even scrap.

　　由于變速箱對于咱們車子至關重要，尤其是不同品牌車系可能會有不同個性化問題現象，如果你的變速箱也有類似上述現象可以先在汽車大師小程序上找一個對應品牌的維修師傅問一問，避免因小失大，造成更大的損失！

　　As the gearbox is crucial for our car, especially for different brands and series, there may be different personalized issues. If your gearbox also has similar problems, you can first find a corresponding brand's maintenance technician on the AutoMaster mini program to ask, in order to avoid causing greater losses due to small losses!

　　最后，如果你有汽車故障維修、保養(yǎng)、用車等問題，點擊下方卡片，進入提問，18萬+多年修車老師傅在線回答，問答服務超過2.2億次。

　　Finally, if you have any questions about repairing, maintaining, or using a car, click on the card below to enter the Q&A section. Over 180000 experienced car mechanics will answer online, and Q&A services will be provided over 220 million times.

　　本文由 濟南自動變速箱維修  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.ihudie.cn/  真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Automatic Transmission Maintenance For more related knowledge, please click http://www.ihudie.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.