01 手動變速箱（MT）

01 Manual Transmission (MT)

說到變速箱，歷史最悠久的當數手動變速箱。手動變速箱又叫手動變速器（MT），還能稱之為機械式變速器，手動變速箱的特點就是必須通過撥動擋把（變速桿）才能改變變速器內的齒輪嚙合位置，改變傳動比，從而達到變速的目的。

When it comes to gearboxes, the oldest is undoubtedly the manual gearbox. Manual transmission, also known as manual transmission (MT) or mechanical transmission, is characterized by the need to shift the gear lever to change the meshing position of the gears inside the transmission, adjust the transmission ratio, and achieve the purpose of shifting.

雖然說現在的車型越來越接近平民化，造車的趨勢偏向便捷化，手動變速箱也在這樣的趨勢下逐漸被取代。但是，手動變速箱在賽車領域和部分消費人群中，主導地位依舊堅挺，就連一些高級跑車也依然沿用手動變速箱。

Although current car models are becoming increasingly popular and the trend in car manufacturing is towards convenience, manual transmissions are gradually being replaced in this trend. However, manual transmissions still hold a dominant position in the racing industry and among some consumer groups, even some high-end sports cars still use manual transmissions.

02手自一體變速箱（AMT）

02Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)

AMT（Automated Mechanical Transmission）變速箱可以理解為半自動變速箱，在自動變速箱還沒有大面積推廣的時期，半自動變速箱也是一款被普遍應用的變速箱。手動擋操作原理就是根據車速來自行調節擋位，以此來迎合車輛不同速度下所需要的轉速。而AMT變速箱（自動離合手動變速箱）的出現則是為了智能化手動變速箱的操作原理。AMT變速箱能根據車速、油門、駕駛員命令等參數，確定最佳擋位，控制原來由駕駛員人工完成的離合器分離與接合、換擋手柄的退擋與掛擋以及發動機的油門開度的同步調節等操作過程，最終實現換擋過程的操縱自動化。在自動化的同時，還保持了手動變速箱所具備的優點。

AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission) gearbox can be understood as a semi-automatic gearbox. During the period when automatic transmissions were not widely promoted, semi-automatic transmissions were also a widely used gearbox. The principle of manual transmission operation is to adjust the gear according to the vehicle speed, in order to meet the required speed of the vehicle at different speeds. The emergence of AMT gearbox (automatic clutch manual gearbox) is aimed at the operation principle of intelligent manual gearbox. The AMT gearbox can determine the optimal gear based on parameters such as vehicle speed, throttle, and driver commands, and control the manual processes of clutch disengagement and engagement, gear shift lever disengagement and engagement, and synchronous adjustment of engine throttle opening, ultimately achieving automation of the shifting process. While automating, it also maintains the advantages of manual transmissions.

03 液力自動變速箱（AT）

03 Hydraulic Automatic Transmission (AT)

液力自動變速箱（以下簡稱：AT變速箱），相信對很多人來說都比較熟悉，常看到的6AT、8AT變速箱甚至是9AT變速箱，而這些數字則是代表該變速箱擁有的擋數。AT變速箱是由液力變扭器、行星齒輪和液壓操縱系統組成，通過液力傳遞和齒輪組合的方式來達到變速變矩。其中液力變扭器是自動變速箱最重要的部件，它由泵輪、渦輪和導輪等構件組成，兼有傳遞扭矩和離合的作用。國內使用的自動變擋變速箱，一般來說都是AT變速箱。

Hydraulic automatic transmission (hereinafter referred to as AT transmission), I believe many people are familiar with it, commonly seen 6-speed automatic transmission, 8-speed automatic transmission, and even 9-speed automatic transmission, and these numbers represent the number of gears that the transmission has. The AT gearbox is composed of a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears, and a hydraulic control system, which achieves variable speed and torque through hydraulic transmission and gear combination. The hydraulic torque converter is the most important component of an automatic transmission, consisting of pump wheels, turbine wheels, and guide wheels, and has the functions of transmitting torque and clutch. The automatic transmission used in China is generally an AT transmission.

04?無極變速箱（CVT）

04? Continuously variable transmission (CVT)

CVT（Continuously Variable Transmission）變速箱又被稱為電控無級變速器，從名字中就可以聽出，這種變速箱沒有擋位等級之分，它在設計上完全擺脫了齒輪結構，依靠錐輪和鋼帶完成動力傳遞。這種結構能夠連續改變傳動比，不管在任何速度下，都能夠保證車輛處于相對合適的轉速，燃油經濟性更好。按照結構不同，

The CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) gearbox, also known as an electronically controlled continuously variable transmission, has no gear level distinction. Its design completely eliminates the gear structure and relies on bevel wheels and steel strips to complete power transmission. This structure can continuously change the transmission ratio, ensuring that the vehicle is at a relatively suitable speed at any speed, resulting in better fuel economy. According to different structures,

05?雙離合變速箱（DCT）

05? Dual clutch transmission (DCT)

DCT雙離合變速箱，也有人稱之為DSG（直接換擋變速器）），簡單來說就是有兩套離合器在同時工作，一套管理單數的齒輪，而另一套則管理雙數的齒輪。這樣的設計是為了避免傳統手動擋換擋時中斷動力的問題，之所以手動擋換擋時會出現動力中斷，是因為離合器要中斷馬力進行齒輪切換，以達到轉換轉速的效果，而雙離合的原理就是準備好另外一套離合器隨時準備接替，第一時間換上不同的齒輪改變轉速，以此來解決換擋時馬力中斷的問題。雙離合變速箱根據不同的冷卻方式又可以分為“干式”和“濕式”。其中，干式雙離合變速箱采用風冷方式散熱，散熱能力有限，所以這種變速箱并不適合于暴力加速。濕式雙離合變速箱由于加入了油冷技術，所以變速箱的散熱性相對要高很多，即便是遇到堵車路段和暴力加速，變速箱也不會出現高溫狀態，整個變速箱的質量穩定相比干式雙離合變速箱故障率要低很多。

DCT dual clutch transmission, also known as DSG (direct shift transmission), is simply two sets of clutches working simultaneously, one managing odd numbered gears and the other managing even numbered gears. This design is to avoid the problem of power interruption during traditional manual gear shifting. The reason why power interruption occurs during manual gear shifting is that the clutch needs to interrupt horsepower for gear switching to achieve the effect of converting speed. The principle of dual clutch is to prepare another set of clutch ready to take over at any time, and change different gears to change speed at the first time, in order to solve the problem of horsepower interruption during gear shifting. Dual clutch transmissions can be divided into "dry" and "wet" types based on different cooling methods. Among them, the dry dual clutch transmission adopts air cooling for heat dissipation, which has limited heat dissipation capacity, so this type of transmission is not suitable for violent acceleration. Due to the addition of oil cooling technology, the wet dual clutch transmission has relatively higher heat dissipation. Even in congested roads and violent acceleration, the transmission will not experience high temperatures. The overall quality of the transmission is stable, and the failure rate of the dry dual clutch transmission is much lower.

06?序列式變速箱（SMG）

06? Sequential Transmission (SMG)

除了以上這些變速箱之外，還有一種變速箱叫SMG（Sequential Manual Gearbox）序列式變速箱。可能很多朋友都是首次聽說它的名字，其實這并不奇怪，因為序列式變速箱極少在出廠的量產車中使用，大部分序列式變速箱都是通過后期改裝升級完成的。是一種基于手動變速箱的變速箱形式，變速箱內部還是由齒輪嚙合傳送動力，和手動變速箱相比，換擋的時候不需要踩離合，離合只在起步、停車時用，而且擋位清晰，只需往后拉或向前推即可完成換擋(這點和普通AT變速箱有區別，后面介紹)，減少了掛錯檔的概率。

In addition to the above mentioned gearboxes, there is another type of gearbox called SMG (Sequential Manual Gearbox). Many friends may have heard of its name for the first time, but this is not surprising because sequential transmissions are rarely used in mass-produced cars. Most sequential transmissions are completed through later modifications and upgrades. It is a transmission form based on manual gearbox, and the power is still transmitted through gear meshing inside the gearbox. Compared with manual gearbox, there is no need to step on the clutch when shifting gears. The clutch is only used for starting and stopping, and the gears are clear. Simply pull back or push forward to complete the shift (this is different from ordinary AT gearbox, which will be introduced later), reducing the probability of shifting to the wrong gear.

這類變速箱因采用直齒設計而非手動變速箱的斜齒，所以能承受更大的載荷，且傳輸效率更高，這類變速箱對駕駛人員的技術要求較高，要求有精準的換擋時機，所以經常用于賽車，優化改良后用于高性能跑車，經常搭載在寶馬M系列上(如今已被DSG取代)。

This type of gearbox can withstand larger loads and has higher transmission efficiency due to its straight tooth design instead of the helical teeth of a manual gearbox. It requires higher technical requirements for drivers and precise shifting timing, so it is often used in racing cars and optimized for high-performance sports cars. It is often mounted on the BMW M series (now replaced by DSG).

本文由濟南槐蔭成林汽車自動變速箱修理廠友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊:http://www.ihudie.cn/news/2.html真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Huaiyin Chenglin Automobile Automatic Transmission Repair Factory. For more related knowledge, please click: http://www.ihudie.cn/news/2.html Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned